To start a new section, hold down the apple+shift keys and click to release this object and type the section title in the box below. Endnotes 1. Hawala relies on an extensive network of connected individuals (“Hawaladas”) to agree and validate transactions between parties. It offers many of the same benefits we would recognise in today’s digital networks, including cost-effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and lack of bureaucracy. Further information on Hawala can be found in “An Introduction to the Concept and Origins of Hawala”, Edwina A. Thompson, Journal of the History of International Law, Volume 10, 2008. 2. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”, Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008. See also: https://Bitcoin.org/Bitcoin.pdf 3. “Digital Gold: The Untold Story of Bitcoin”, Nathanial Popper, May 2015. 4. See: http://blockchain.bankofenglandearlycareers.co.uk/ 5. “Deep shift: Technology tipping points and societal impact”, World Economic Forum, September 2015. See also: http://www3. weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC15_Technological_Tipping_Points_report_2015.pdf 6. Information valid for December 2015. See: https://www.venturescanner.com/ 7. See: https://www.venturescanner.com/files/sector/Bitcoin.pdf 8. “R3’s distributed ledger initiative grows to 42 bank members and looks to extend reach to the broader financial services community”, Jo Lang, R3CEV, December 2015. See also: http://r3cev.com/press/2015/12/17/r3s-distributed-ledger-initiative-grows- to-42-bank-members-and-looks-to-extend-reach-to-the-broader-financial-services-community 9. See: http://www.coindesk.com/visa-europe-announces-blockchain-remittance-proof-of-concept/ 10. “RBS Trials Ripple as Part of £3.5 Billion Tech Revamp”, Grace Caffyn, CoinDesk, June 2015. See also: http://www.coindesk.com/ rbs-trials-ripple-part-3-5-billion-tech-revamp/ 11. See: http://siliconangle.com/blog/2015/06/09/westpac-anz-trial-ripples-blockchain-ledger-system-but-say-no-to-Bitcoin-for-now/ 12. See: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/cryptocurrency-round-blockchain-bug-commonwealth-bank-australia-embraces-Bitcoin-1503832 13. See: http://cointelegraph.com/news/114717/citi-develops-3-blockchains-with-own-citicoin-token 14. “ Cryptographic Currency For Securities Settlement”, Paul Walker and Phil Venables (Goldman Sachs), US Patent Application 20150332395, November 2015. See also: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fneta html%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=20150332395&OS=20150332395&RS=20150332395 15. “Overstock CEO Patrick Byrn to keynote Bitcoin 2014 conference,” John Southurst, CoinDesk, March 25, 2014. See also: http:// www.coindesk.com/overstock-ceo-patrick-byrne-keynote-Bitcoin-2014-conference/ 16. “SEC Approves Overstock.com S-3 Filing to Issue Shares Using Bitcoin Blockchain”, Jacob Donnelly, Bitcoin Magazine, December 2015. See also: https://Bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/sec-approves-overstock-com-s-filing-to-issue-shares-using-Bitcoin- blockchain-1449539558 17. “State of Bitcoin Q3 2015: Banks Embrace Blockchain Amid Bitcoin Funding Slowdown”, Garrick Hileman, CoinDesk, October 2015. See also: http://www.coindesk.com/sob-q3-2015-banks-embrace-blockchain-amid-bitcoin-funding-slowdown/ 18. “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”, Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008. See also: https://Bitcoin.org/Bitcoin.pdf 19. Ibid. 20. See: http://cdn.americanbanker.com/media/ui/how-bit-works-big.jpg 21. For an excellent and simple introduction to blockchain technology, see http://bitsonblocks.net/2015/09/09/a-gentle-introduction- to-blockchain-technology/ 22. An example of what the Bitcoin blockchain contains can be found on the blog post, “How to Parse the Bitcoin Blockchain” by John W. Ratcliffe, January 2014. See also: http://codesuppository.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/how-to-parse-Bitcoin-blockchain.html 23. “ Security firm Guardtime courting governments and banks with industrial-grade blockchain”, Ian Allison, International Business Times, January 2016. See also: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/security-firm-guardtime-courting-governments-banks-keyless- blockchain-1535835 24. See: https://litecoin.org 25. See: https://ripple.com/ 26. “ A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform”, Ethereum. See also: https://github.com/ethereum/ wiki/wiki/White-Paper 27. “Microsoft Explores Adding Ripple Tech to Blockchain Toolkit”, Pete Rizzo, CoinDesk, December 2015. See also: http://www. coindesk.com/microsoft-hints-future-ripple-blockchain-toolkit/ 28. “M aking Decentralized Economic Policy”, Jeff Garzik, weusecoins. See also: https://www.weusecoins.com/making-decentralized- economic-policy/ 29. Ibid. 30. For an explanation of ‘side-chains’, see: https://medium.com/zapchain-magazine/how-to-explain-sidechains-to-a-parent- 1739f6a28bd#.8u8tsqkh2 31. “B lockchain expert Tim Swanson talks about R3 partnership of Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, UBS, Barclays et al”, Ian Allison, International Business Times, September 2015. See also: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/blockchain-expert-tim-swanson-talks-about-r3- partnership-goldman-sachs-jp-morgan-ubs-barclays-1519905 32. “The Bitcoin Blockchain Just Might Save The Music Industry… If Only We Could Understand It”, George Howard, Forbes, May 2015. See also: http://www.forbes.com/sites/georgehoward/2015/05/17/the-Bitcoin-blockchain-just-might-save-the-music-industry-if- only-we-could-understand-it/ 33. “A Decision Tree for Blockchain Applications: Problems, Opportunities or Capabilities?”, William Mougayar, Startup Management, November 2015. See also: http://startupmanagement.org/2015/11/30/a-decision-tree-for-blockchain-applications-problems- opportunities-or-capabilities/ 34. “Understanding the blockchain”, William Mougayar, O’Reilly Radar, January 2015. See also: http://radar.oreilly.com/2015/01/ understanding-the-blockchain.html 35. “Why the blockchain will propel a services revolution”, James Eyers, Australian Financial Review, December 2015. See also: http:// www.afr.com/technology/why-the-blockchain-will-propel-a-services-revolution-20151212-glm6xf 36. “Will the blockchain model change insurance?”, Nick Kestrel, RiskHeads, January 2015. See also: http://www.riskheads.org/Bitcoin- blockchain-model-change-insurance/ 14