100. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is means by which thermally dissociated carbon atoms are deposited to create a film onto a substrate. See further details at: CVD Graphene – Creating Graphene Via Chemical Vapour Deposition, Graphenea, as accessed on 17 December 2015: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/cvd-graphene#.VnGGBJjMVMs 101. Mass production of high quality graphene: An analysis of worldwide patents, Nanowerk Nanotechnology, 28 June 2012: http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=25744.php 102. As graphene is made in single-layer sheets, the yields are often calculated in square meters rather than grams, as this determines their potential uses. 103. Graphene Supermarket, as accessed on 17 December 2015: https://graphene-supermarket.com/ 104. Major countries in worldwide graphite mine production from 2010 to 2014 (in 1,000 metric tons), Statista, as accessed on 17 December 2015: http://www.statista.com/statistics/267366/world-graphite-production/ 105. Graphene band gap heralds new electronics, Chemistry World, 29 September 2015: http://www.rsc.org/ chemistryworld/2015/09/graphene-band-gap-electronics-transistors-semiconductor 106. Challenges and opportunities in graphene commercialization, Nature Nanotechnology, 6 October 2014: http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v9/n10/full/nnano.2014.225.html 107. For more information, see IBM builds graphene chip that’s 10,000 times faster, using standard CMOS processes, ExtremeTech, 30 January 2014: http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/175727-ibm-builds-graphene-chip-thats-10000-times-faster-using- standard-cmos-processes 108. Graphene Industry Size at US$120M by 2020: China and Regional Markets Analysis, PR Newswire, 4 December 2014: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/graphene-industry-size-at-us120m-by-2020-china-and-regional-markets- analysis-284742931.html 109. High Performance Carbon Fibers, American Chemical Society, 17 September 2003: http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/ education/whatischemistry/landmarks/carbonfibers.html 110. For an overview of cognitive technologies, see Demystifying artificial intelligence What business leaders need to know about cognitive technologies, Deloitte University Press, Deloitte Development LLC, 4 November 2015: http://dupress.com/articles/ what-is-cognitive-technology/?coll=12201. 111. The top 100 is being referenced from the Gartner report. See Market Share: All Software Markets, Worldwide, 2014, Gartner, 31 March 2015: https://www.gartner.com/doc/3019720/market-share-software-markets-worldwide [Subscription required] 112. The thinker and the shopper: Four ways cognitive technologies can add value to consumer products, Deloitte University Press, Deloitte Development LLC, 3 June 2015: http://dupress.com/articles/cognitive-technologies-consumer-products/?coll=12201 113. 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Wellframe raises $1.5M to send patients home with a nurse in their pocket, VentureBeat, 7 April 2014, http://venturebeat. com/2014/04/07/wellframe-raises-1-5m-to-send-patients-home-with-a-nurse-in-their-pocket/ 123. Cloud machine learning wars heat up, ZDNet, 13 April 2015: http://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-machine-learning-wars-heat- up/ 124. Google Just Open Sourced TensorFlow, Its Artificial Intelligence Engine, WIRED, 9 November 2015: http://www.wired. com/2015/11/google-open-sources-its-artificial-intelligence-engine/ 125. Facebook Open Sources Its AI Hardware as It Races Google, WIRED, 10 December 2015: http://www.wired.com/2015/12/ facebook-open-source-ai-big-sur/ 126. Red Hat + Gild: Consolidating Intelligence & Insight to Hire Better Candidates Faster, Gild, as accessed on 20 November 2015: https://www.gild.com/customers/red-hat-case-study 66
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